Heat pumps are considered a modern solution for environmentally friendly heating. But are they really the best choice? While some praise their efficiency and sustainability, others see challenges that are often only visible at second glance. In this article you will find all the pros and cons of heat pumps

‍

‍

What are the advantages and disadvantages of a heat pump?

Heat pumps are a modern heating solution with many advantages, but also some challenges. The table below provides a comprehensive overview:

‍

‍

Disadvantages of a heat pump

High investment costs

The investment costs of a heat pump in a single-family home are between 10,000 and 40,000 euros. The exact costs depend on the type of heat pump. For example, groundwater and geothermal heat pumps are more expensive than air heat pumps because they require drilling or collectors. In addition, costs may arise for disposing of the existing condensing boiler and possible adjustments to the heating system.

Lower efficiency in old buildings

A heat pump often works less efficiently in old buildings than in new buildings. Old buildings often have high heat requirements and require higher flow temperatures, which impair the efficiency of the heat pump. Due to fluctuating outdoor temperatures, air-water heat pumps in particular require low flow temperatures for high efficiency. Underfloor heating or large radiators improve the performance of the heat pump.

Electricity costs may rise

A heat pump requires electricity so that it can use heat from the environment. Rising electricity prices can impair the profitability of a heat pump. The rising prices for fossil fuels must also be taken into account and compared here. The combination with a photovoltaic system can reduce electricity costs and dependence on energy suppliers. However, this requires a higher level of investment.

Noise pollution from air heat pumps

Air heat pumps generate noises due to the fan and the compressor. This noise can be seen as annoying, particularly in densely built-up residential areas. The volume varies depending on the model and installation location. Improper placement can cause neighbors to feel disturbed.

Dependence on funding

The economic efficiency of a heat pump often depends on government subsidies. Without subsidies, the high initial investment can extend the payback period. The future funding landscape is uncertain, as government subsidies may change.

Shortage of skilled workers and long waiting times

The high demand for heat pumps results in long waiting times for installation. Specialized companies are often booked out several months in advance. Costs for tradesmen are also rising, as qualified specialists are scarce.

Space requirement for geothermal and water heat pumps

A geothermal heat pump requires space for collectors or probe holes. Horizontal collectors require a large plot area. A water-to-water heat pump requires regulatory approval and a water source. These requirements do not make them suitable for every plot of land.

Benefits of a heat pump

Low heating costs during operation

A heat pump lowers heating costs because it uses environmental heat. As a result, unlike conventional heating systems, it can achieve higher efficiencies. It can generate three to five kilowatt hours of heat energy from one kilowatt hour of electricity. This makes it more economical in the long term.

Eco-friendly and low in CO₂

A heat pump produces hardly any CO₂ emissions because it uses renewable energy sources. In combination with green electricity or a photovoltaic system, it can work completely climate-neutrally. In comparison, a heat pump produces approx. 100 g CO₂ per kWh, while a gas or oil heating system produces 300 to 500 g CO₂ per kWh.

Independence from fossil fuels

With a heat pump, you make yourself independent of fossil fuels. They are no longer affected by rising oil and gas prices and do not have to store any fuels. In addition, there is no CO₂ tax, which is levied on fossil fuels in Germany. This tax is gradually increasing and making heating with gas and oil more expensive every year.

Government funding lowers costs

The state supports the installation of heat pumps with subsidies and low-interest loans. Programmes such as BEG funding and KfW loans significantly reduce high acquisition costs.

Low-maintenance and long-lasting

A heat pump has a longer lifespan than many other heating systems. While a gas boiler must be replaced after 15 to 20 years, a heat pump lasts 20 to 30 years. There are also fewer wear parts, which reduces the risk of major repairs. Although maintenance costs of around 300 euros per year exceed those of a gas boiler, there are no additional costs for chimney sweeps or fuel storage.

Can be combined with renewable energy

A heat pump is ideal for combining with other renewable energy sources. A photovoltaic system can supply the required electricity and thus reduce operating costs. The combination with an energy storage system also increases your own consumption and makes you more independent of the electricity market. At the same time, a solar thermal system reduces the energy requirement for hot water and heating.

Flexible deployment options

A heat pump can be used in various types of buildings. It works particularly efficiently in new buildings, as modern buildings are well insulated and often have floor heating systems. It can also be used in old buildings if the building is sufficiently insulated. By combining them with low-temperature radiators or optimised heating control, efficiency can also be improved in older buildings. This makes the heat pump a future-proof solution for various living situations.

Cooling possible in summer

Heat pumps can cool in summer if they have an appropriate function. Geothermal and water heat pumps in particular offer passive cooling that requires almost no additional power consumption. This removes excess heat from the house into the ground or groundwater, which ensures a pleasant room temperature. Air heat pumps also offer a cooling function, but work with active cooling via the refrigeration circuit. In return, they consume additional electricity.

Compared to air conditioning systems, cooling with a heat pump is more environmentally friendly and energy efficient.

Low operating costs despite higher power consumption

Although a heat pump consumes electricity, its high efficiency significantly reduces heating costs. Due to the high efficiency, operating costs are usually lower than with gas or oil heating systems. In addition, special heat pump electricity tariffs offer more favourable conditions than normal household electricity tariffs. In the long term, you benefit from stable operating costs.

Is a heat pump the right choice?

A heat pump is worthwhile if your building is well insulated and you want to reduce heating costs in the long term. It offers an environmentally friendly, future-proof heating solution and protects against rising energy prices. Despite high acquisition costs, the investment pays off thanks to low operating costs, government subsidies and a long lifespan.

autarc: Your partner for efficient heat pump solutions — find out more now!

Rely on quality and expertise when planning and installing heat pump systems. With our heat pump check, you receive comprehensive support so that you can implement your projects efficiently and sustainably. Contact us today and benefit from our expert knowledge!

‍